Regarding the hepatic attributes related to thought

Abstract

In ancient times, the liver was believed to be the seat of the soul, passions, and spiritual life, with strong symbolism in cultures like the Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Hebrew, and Greek, where it was even used for divination. These beliefs were linked to the theory of humors and to spiritual ideas that associated the liver with emotions and vitality. Although modern neuroscience has proven that thought resides in the brain, current medical science confirms that hepatic dysfunction can indirectly affect brain function, as occurs with hepatic encephalopathy. Thus, the modern perspective integrates the liver’s physiological and metabolic role with an understanding of its ancient symbolic and cultural dimensions.