Clinical description and treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome

Abstract

Background: acute coronary syndrome is a medical emergency that is manifested mainly by chest pain. The diagnosis is a clinical challenge and its early recognition is essential for treatment.

Objective: to describe the clinical characteristics, identify therapeutic approaches and recognize the outcomes of patients with a final diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome hospitalized in Internal Medicine and Cardiology services between January 1, 2009 until December 31, 2010 at the Hospital San José.

Methods: description of a cohort of patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction with and without ST segment elevation and unstable angina) was performed. Demographic variables, clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes were analyzed and average, standard deviation and proportions were calculated according to their the nature.

Results: 133 patients were reported. 63% were men, the mean age was 64.8 years. The event rate was 45.9% STEMI, 39% NSTEMI and unstable angina 15.1%. 96.2% of patients consulted for chest pain, 50.7% had pain in the first six hours of evolution. 93% received beta-blockers, 88% ACE inhibitors, 87% clopidogrel and 97% ASA. 82% of patients in window underwent thrombolysis. The hospital mortality was 8.7%.

Conclusions: in the studied population acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation predominated. Most patients consulted by retrosternal chest pain in the early hours of onset. The percentage of drug use was appropriate. Immediate reperfusion in STEMI patients was high; however we still have patients who do not benefit from this therapy and the use of primary angioplasty was very low.