EDECO Study: Population study of cognitive impairment in a colombian community

Abstract

Objective: a population-based study of cognitive impairment in a group of elders evaluated in the community in which the prevalence of cognitive impairment was determined through the clock test, is presented.

Materials and methods: 803 elderly people living in community during the months of November 2011 to August 2012 from different regions of the country were evaluated. Registration forms were applied and processed in a descriptive way.

Results: clocks evaluated by Cacho criteria for detection of cognitive impairment helped to identify that 40% of the elderly population included in the study had a suggestive result of cognitive impairment. The age range most affected by cognitive decline in the group of qualified clocks was observed between 70 and 79 years (46.1%), followed by individuals between 80 and 89 years (31.8%). The age range between 60 and 69 years showed a prevalence of cognitive impairment in 19.6%. 57.6% of the elderly with results suggestive of cognitive impairment had a history of hypertension. 14.3% of the elderly evaluated reported having been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, and of these, 48.7% had subjective findings of cognitive impairment (17.4% of total population with cognitive impairment). A history of stroke was observed in 4.9% of the population, of which 56% obtained scores suggestive of cognitive impairment.

Conclusions: regarding our study, 40% of the population was suggestive of cognitive impairment and additionally a significant prevalence of cognitive impairment in risk factors reported in the literature was evidenced. It was also observed that in all groups evaluated, the errors in locating the hands predominated as the main error in performing the test, followed by alterations in the presence and sequence of numbers while making the circle was the less affected variable in all the population groups. It was observed in the study that the results suggestive of cognitive impairment had a direct relationship with illiteracy, educational level and age. Finally, we can suggest that the clock test in the context of the Colombian elderly living in community is a useful tool for the screening of dementia in primary care and clinical geriatrics.