Cognitive impairment progression and its relation with modifiable risk factors in an adult cohort study from Bogotá

Abstract

A cross-sectional study carried out between 2012-2014 in autonomous adults of Bogotá showed a 23% prevalence of dementia, being associated with low schooling, advanced age and arterial hypertension. The relationship between these risk factors and the progression of cognitive deterioration has not been studied in our population.

Objective: to evaluate the association between cardio-metabolic or social risk factors with the progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, in autonomous adults of Bogotá.

Material and methods: a cohort of normal subjects with MCI, from the 2012-2014 study was re-evaluated applying the neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological protocol of the previous study. Multiple correspondence and logistic regression analyzes were performed.

Results: 215 autonomous adults were re-evaluated; 118 subjects had been diagnosed with normal cognition and 97 with MCI in the first study; 73% were women with an average age of 71 (SD: 7.3) years and schooling of 8.2 (SD: 5.4) years. 6% of the subjects progressed to dementia in a time of 4 (SD: 1) years. 75% of normal subjects remained unchanged and 22% progressed to MCI while 65% of subjects with MCI did not change and 25% normalized. Progressing from normal to MCI was associated with low schooling OR = 2.43 (95% CI 1.004-5.91; p = 0.049) and from MCI to dementia with BMI?25 OR = 6.3 (IC95% 1.26-31; p = 0.025).

Conclusion: having low schooling (?5 years) was associated in normal subjects with a higher risk of progression to MCI, while having a BMI ?25 increased the risk of progression to dementia in subjects with MCI. Protective factors in subjects who normalized were not identified